Crucial Person In History Of Philosophy †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Crucial Person In History Of Philosophy? Answer: Introduction Jean-Jacques Rousseau remains a famous and crucial person in history of psychology. He has made great contributions more to political philosophy and moral psychology to upcoming thinkers. Rousseaus view of philosophy has always been negative and his concern has been to find a way of preserving human in a world where human beings are greatly depending on one another for daily survival. Rousseaus philosophy has earned him great prizes and has made him more famous, a great idea he brought out that took him to higher level among others is the topic on inequality. History Rousseau according to his own view reads mankind history beginning in solitude with society and is greatly emerging and becoming social. Rousseau terms the society as an invention and tries to explain the nature of humans as brought by socialization, therefore the nature of human is best understood by looking at their pure state of nature before it is spoiled by civilization and the process of socialization. This is different from other thinkers who describe human state of nature as a constant state of war against others because they have civilized them. Rousseaus thinking is different as he term human as isolated, timid, mute who cannot think of what the future will bring. H e compares humans as monsters and that they are of no difference with other animals only that man is a free animal. There are two forms of inequality; there is the natural one which can also be called physical. It is established by nature and has difference in age, healthcare, strength of body and soul qualities. The other form of inequality is called moral or in other words political inequality because it depends on convention and is established by authority of man. It consists of privileges which are enjoyed by others and not others, for example, being rich, being honored (p.22). As far as the origin of man is concerned, there are things making man perish, there are the natural infirmities like infancy, old age and illness. A young one can die in its early age or its mother dies and the young is left alone. A civilized corrupt human faces extreme inequality in standard of living ,idleness, forced labor, sophisticated food from the rich, bad diets from the poor, stress and depressions, fatigue are fatal ways which brings problems which could have been avoided if simple and solitary way of life was maintained(p.27).The savaged man who has not been ruined by the civilized society hardly get ill and these shows that human illness is brought by the civil societies, this has brought a great difference in human in that when the same man become sociable and enslaved, they become weak, fearful and much of his power is being used, hence the difference between man and animals because if nature treats equally and man gets more benefits than the animals, other things make s man more exhausted than the animals. The believes like lack of place to stay, lack of clothing and all other luxurious things are not all that important to these savaged men, this is because their bodies are hairy hence does well in hot places, while in cold places they cover their selves with animal skins. If it is about transportation, they have legs to use and their arms help them in defense against attack.(p.29) Looking at any animal in a different perspective of metaphysical and moral side, they can be termed as ingenious machines which nature has given senses for restoration and protection; this is also seen in humans. The only difference is that man brings all operations in his capacity. Animals and humans have ideas because of senses given to them except that humans have a higher degree of thinking than the animals. Another thing that distinguishes animals from human resource management is what is termed as self-perfecting whereby with the help of other factors, develops others in succession (p.30). After describing the pure state of nature, Rousseau went ahead to explain the series of events that happened till it reached a state of present day civil society. In the pure state of nature humans where grouping their selves for a specific activity and a common language was sed. These groups only lasted depending on the task being done. After this a different stage came up and this involved formation of permanent social groups like forming a family. In this stage property acquisition was done and feelings of superiority and competition were also seen developing. A different level thereafter came about and it involved farm tilling and meal work. These activities required a large number of people so that work could be divided as per various capabilities, that is, some could be involved in the farm, while others made tools and governed others. As a result of all these there came a group of people whose social class improved and became strict on property owning, hence these created conf licts and fights among themselves. All these thereafter created a division among people, those with high social class started using those with low social class by making them work for them on their farms and other tasks. These changes in social classes have brought a difference in the society. From extreme inequality in conditions and benefits, diversity in talents, leaders have continued formulating things which makes the groups of men be divided and weak, all the good that could come to the society goes to those with power and are of high class in the society and through all these the less fortunate will defect from working and go against their leaders and turning all that was good into ruins, the result of all these will be a society with no leaders and no rules and thus a closure of the circle hence individuals become equal again. Conclusion Inequality gets its strength and growth from development and progress of mind in humans and therefore stabilizes through property establishment and laws enacted. References Gourevitch, Victor. "A Provisional Reading of Rousseau's Reveries of the Solitary Walker."The Review of Politics74, no.Management 3 (2012): 489-518. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. "Discourse on the Origin of Inequality among Men." (2010). https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/r/rousseau/jean_jacques/inequality/complete.html